Of all types of known vascular pathology, the most common is varicose veins.Let us notice the title of the article: the most commonly considered material in this material - in turn, "varicose" localization, the development of veins.Other options are a bit less common, however, in the field of specialized and related expert views, they also fall;These are, for example, the development of esophagus veins, seeds, small pelvis, and others.In other words, to associate the term "varicose development" only and exclusively with lower limbs, which is practiced in a day -to -day speech, will be incorrect.However, in a professional environment, certain terminology is still observed: in some sources, "varicose veins" are used in several sources, in other "varicose development" separated from "varicose disease", and others.
Varicose veins from the lower leg are a very unpleasant polysimpomatic disease, accompanied by significant external manifestations.Cosmetic defects in the feet usually last for years, and many patients (especially women) are much more concerned than hemodynamic disorders and organic changes in the vein wall.Such patients, or rather, patients tend to use a variety of intramedician methods and "eliminating varicose veins", most harmless, and sometimes very worse.Meanwhile, untreated forms of venous pathology, which are fully ignored by the most serious consequences, and at the first symptoms (see below), consulting with your doctor should be consulted if possible: like the majority of other diseases, the vein is better to treat early stages.
Back to the prevalence of the prevalence, various epidemiological evaluations published should be noted.This is partly due to regional differences and age-related trends (older exams, more clinically significant parts of the cases), some of the differences in diagnostic approaches, but the main reason for statistical ambiguity is, which cannot be delayed, which cannot be reflected, which cannot be reflected.With this disease), on others, certain categories of the population are specifically examined, where symptoms of characteristics are recorded and then the actual frequency of their occurrence in the general population is evaluated.Even if you remove extreme assessments, the condition with varicose veins from the lower leg is very sad: up to one degree or another, at least 55-65% of women and 15-25% of mature men suffer.The deep imbalance between the floor is due to the anatomical differences and hormones, as well as the reproductive function of a woman (pregnancy, childbirth), which in many cases is a direct prerequisite for the development of vein disorders.
The tendency to "rejuvenate" such pathologies cannot be but is disrupted by the average age of the disease, most sources call for an interval of 20 to 30 years, however, cases of varicose veins in school children, including young men, are increasing over the years:
Cause
First of all, it should be noted that varicose development is not diagnosed with regard to the artery: this "curse" is located on the veins.Arteries, of course, are also exposed and exposed to various pathological changes, but in this case, aneurysms (local sculsions), atherosclerosis, various types of obstacles (lumen narrowing), thromboembolism (blocks), and so on.Compared to arteries, the vein walls are less durable and elastic, less resistant to stretch deformation under load or internal pressure;They are easier to become thinner and become partially inferior, as a result of individual sealing or fractions through the vein wall may begin.The fact that varicose veins are most commonly observed on the lower part of the foot, many researchers consider one of the side effects of evolutionary transition to the direct ("honor" of other people paid by human release, is the pathology of the spinal column).The whole weight is based onThe feet, which produce an incredible load on the joints and circulatory systems.It is well known that people suffering from varicose veins in ancient times;Then the dominant cause is, apparently, bringing on a constant weight.This factor is relevant today (some types of sports and labor activities), however, when civilization was developed, especially in the last hundred or two years, the burden has increased many times with the advent of "sitting" and "standing": any unstable phenomenon for veins is deadly.Direct risk factors include obesity, lack of plant food in the diet, injury (including surgery, for example, as a result of orthopedic surgery), congenital vascular anomalies, hereditary tendencies and gender (see above).Inner vein thrombosis and joint inflammation (thrombophlebitis) lead to severe changes in the vein system;Therefore, as a form of separate varicose vegetable expansion in Western literature, posttrombopbititis syndrome is considered.A large group of provocative factors consist of diseases and conditions that determine the increased intra -Bominal pressure: tendency for constipation, chronic cough, and others;In such cases, varicose development is detected, as a rule, not just in the limbs.
Separately, it should be said about tobacco, which is right -is called "vein killer."The connection is so clear and narrow that many experts set the situation for the full rejection of smoking before starting treatment.The ethical aspects of such medical positions can be debated (recently, the term demagogic "Chauvinism of non -Smoking" even appears), but in the fact that if this condition is not observed, treatment is automatically meaningless and useless, no doubt.A fond smoker, in this case requires the implementation of the right to medical assistance, is similar to a drug addict, who expects to eliminate dependence and production syndrome, but will continue to take drugs.
At the organic level, anatomy, the main cause of varicose veins is the failure of the vein valve, which should exclude reflux (blood flow in the opposite direction, which produces excessive pressure in the veins).In fact, with the study of the causes and mechanisms of the development of venous dysfunction, with the development of the first method of correction of its surgery in the late 19th century, modern phlebology began as a medical science of vein disease, their treatment and prevention methods.
In general, it is necessary to acknowledge that the abundance of causes described above -the importance of their respectively and is believed to be certified by the major studies -still not forming a system.Therefore, under similar conditions, under the same, as if a combination of risk factors, in one person, varicose veins from the lower leg develop and develop quickly, and in the other veins for decades remain intact.This indicates that today the etiopathogenesis is not explained to the end, and anywhere, even the most effective modern therapeutic strategy, still, in fact, palliative.However, phlebology has grown very dynamically today, and the "lost link" in our knowledge of varicose veins will, most likely, identified and studied in the future.
Symptom
Often the harbingers or the first symptoms of venous blood circulation disorders are subcutaneous stars or small blood vessels that are extended and visible and visible.Then, swollen nodes, winding or located in groups, formed on calves.Feet with varicose veins are swollen and tired, many patients complain of seizures often in the legs (including at night), itching sensations, heat, crawling "goosebumps", and more.out);Bleeding in this case can be very strong and causes loss of large blood -
Diagnostics
Experienced phlebologists recognize varicose veins from a glance.However, additional inspection, of course, is as needed as collecting history and detailed complaints.There are several special functional samples, and from the most important instrumental methods are angiography and ultrasound x-ray-contract in Doppler Duplex scanning mode.
Treatment
In the past decade, specialized "phlebology" has been usually interpreted as a synonym for vascular surgery.Therefore, it is implied that there is no treatment of non -venous pathology.However, so far, the situation has changed dramatically, and a major transition is related to 15-20 years ago.Courses to use - where possible and shown - are some high methods - and microinvasive methods that survive all surgery specialization, and varicose veins on the feet today do not necessarily imagine "big" surgery.As a rule, therapy is comprehensive and starts with steps of conservative steps -according to guidance, -enotonic drugs, anticoagulants and anti -agen, and anti -inflammatory drugs.You can use elastic bandage or compression knitwear only after consulting a doctor (in particular, the wrap technique should be explained in detail - starting with the finger, with the mandatory capture of the heel and the weakness of the compression closer to the knee).Therapeutic Physical Education, water procedures, diet (it also needs to normalize weight), and hirudotherapy is effective.
However, varicose veins remain a surgical disease, which is that radical effects can only be achieved by surgery.There are many specific phlebectomy techniques - the removal of the veins, the viability of the waste function that does not reach 10% of the norm.At the same time, the invasive method mentioned above is broader, which has several advantages (less traumatic, possible "one -day" outpatient treatment, lack of cosmetic defects, and so on).The most promising and effective methods include sclerotherapy (artificial splashes, "attaching" vein walls with special solutions, administered by microeds), laser therapy (including intravenous), radio frequency ablation (thin probe introduced into veins, such as "sealed" walls).
It should be noted that the effectiveness of any treatment in this case directly depends on the level that the patient exchange.It does not need to bring the matter to the "big" surgery: varicose veins from the lower leg have healed today, but the disease itself does not pass.